February 11 is National Foundation Day (建国記念の日, Kenkoku Kinen no Hi), one of Japan’s national holidays. While this holiday occurs every year, many people don’t know why this particular date was chosen or how it differs from similar holidays in other countries.
This article explains the meaning of National Foundation Day, the historical background of February 11, its relationship to Kigensetsu, and the significance of its unique Japanese name.
What is National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi)?
National Foundation Day is one of Japan’s national holidays. It was added to the National Holidays Law in 1966 (Showa 41) and officially observed starting in 1967.
Official Purpose:
“A day for commemorating the founding of the nation and cultivating love for the country.”
Rather than celebrating a specific historical event, this day is positioned as an opportunity to reflect on Japan’s origins and foster appreciation for the nation.
Why February 11? Origins of the Date
Connection to Kigensetsu (Empire Day)
The date of February 11 originates from Kigensetsu (紀元節), a holiday established during the Meiji period.
Kigensetsu was based on the accession date of Emperor Jimmu, Japan’s legendary first emperor, as recorded in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan). According to this ancient text, Emperor Jimmu ascended to the throne in 660 BCE.
The Meiji government converted this date from the old lunar calendar to the modern Gregorian calendar, designating February 11 as “Kigensetsu” and making it a national holiday.
Post-War Revival and Name Change
After World War II, Kigensetsu was abolished under the Allied occupation. However, when it was revived as a national holiday in 1966, the name was changed to “Kenkoku Kinen no Hi” (National Foundation Day) rather than simply “Kenkoku Kinen Bi” (National Foundation Day without “no”).
This subtle change reflected the fact that the historical date of Japan’s founding cannot be verified historically.
What’s the Difference? “Kenkoku Kinen no Hi” vs “Kenkoku Kinenbi”
The official name is “Kenkoku Kinen no Hi” (建国記念の日). While it may seem like a minor difference, the inclusion of “no” (の) carries significant meaning.
| Japanese Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 建国記念日 (Kenkoku Kinenbi) | Celebrates the specific “day” of founding (implies historical certainty) |
| 建国記念の日 (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi) | Commemorates the “concept” of founding (avoids asserting historical fact) |
The particle “no” (の) was deliberately included to avoid stating an unverified historical date as absolute fact, allowing for broader interpretation.
How Do People Observe National Foundation Day?
The law states that the day is for “commemorating the founding of the nation and cultivating love for the country,” but no specific activities are mandated.
While memorial ceremonies and events are held in various locations throughout Japan, most people simply enjoy it as a national holiday without any particular obligations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q. When was National Foundation Day established?
A. It was established in 1966 (Showa 41) and first observed in 1967.
Q. What was Kigensetsu?
A. Kigensetsu was a holiday established during the Meiji period based on Emperor Jimmu’s accession date. It was abolished after World War II.
Q. Why is it called “Kenkoku Kinen no Hi” instead of “Kenkoku Kinenbi”?
A. The particle “no” was included because the exact date of Japan’s founding is not historically verified. This wording commemorates the concept of founding rather than asserting a specific historical date.
Q. Is National Foundation Day similar to Independence Day in other countries?
A. While many countries celebrate independence or foundation days, Japan’s National Foundation Day is unique because it’s based on mythology rather than a documented historical event.
5 Key Points About National Foundation Day
- Date: February 11
- Established: 1966, observed from 1967
- Origin: Based on Kigensetsu (Emperor Jimmu’s accession day)
- Purpose: Commemorate the nation’s founding and cultivate patriotism
- Official Name: “Kenkoku Kinen no Hi” (not “Kenkoku Kinenbi”)
Understanding the meaning and historical context of national holidays can give new significance to days we might otherwise take for granted.
Experience Japanese History and Culture
Throughout its long history, Japan has cultivated diverse traditional cultures. The tea ceremony (sadō or chadō) was systematized during the Muromachi period and perfected by masters like Sen no Rikyū, becoming one of Japan’s most representative traditional arts.
National Foundation Day offers an opportunity to reflect on Japan’s origins. Experiencing Japanese cultural practices like the tea ceremony can serve as a meaningful way to connect more deeply with this history.
